Answers to challenges of Open Systems
Prof. Kachanova Т.L., prof. Fomin B.F.
1. Challenges of Open Systems
Today there is not an appropriate mathematics for study of open systems. Structure of the existing mathematical and computational methods is not adequate to the tasks of complex systems' modeling.
In the case of open systems a systemology has come to grips with a fundamental understanding barrier of complexity. Heterogeneity of arising structures increases the complexity conditioned by scales of open systems. The interdependence's high level of heterogeneous components is the main problem of scientific understanding of open systems.
New scientific method of regularity search is needed. Samples of “principal laws” for defining the small group of principles which are explaining a phenomenology of open systems' complexity are needed.
Modeling of open systems has run into an emergent problem. This problem's arising is related with interaction of complex systems' components. Systems possess ability to resist analysis based on researching properties and behavior of the whole through properties and through behavior of the parts. Modeling of systems properties on the stage of their arising become the central task.
Experimental science has created huge volumes of empirical data about open systems. The new methods of data gathering expand further the opportunities for work with empirical material about open systems and which at the present time are already sufficiently rich. To date these opportunities are little used. Statistical and expert approaches are basically used. These approaches possess low effectiveness when are used for the open systems.
Attainment of a new level of working with empirical data is necessary. Scientific knowledge about systems needs to be deduced directly from the empirical data without resorting to knowledge of experts. New ideas and methods of understanding of the complexity phenomenon of open systems therefore are needed.
Methods promising scientific breakthrough arise in the form of paradigms of individual scientific groups. Coordination of efforts of scientific community in the field of fundamental problems of open systems' complexity should lead to overcoming the existing technological barriers to interdisciplinary interaction. Misunderstanding between specialists from different areas of knowledge slows down generation of global knowledge and formation of general scientific paradigm.
Specialized computer laboratories are needed for research of open systems. In them the following must be accumulated: the variants of admissible structures of interactions; the global behavioral samples in the moment when the system properties arise; the full-scale scientific reconstructions of both the states and evolution of systems.
2. Cybernetic and synergetic paradigms of systemology
Cybernetic idea has connected computing and computer science, and has generated a target instrumental approach with its main task to optimize systems behavior.
Cybernetic paradigm stops working under research of open systems. New conceptual structure is needed. Technology of scientific understanding is necessary. This is technology overcoming the complexity barriers of open systems, is focusing on problems of scientific reconstruction of the global systemic state and behavior, and is aiming at laws explanation of arising of the system properties.
Synergetic paradigm of systemology takes the scientific understanding and overcoming of the fundamental complexity of open systems upon oneself.
Synergetics born by physics and chemistry go beyond their borders. The general ideas of complexity theory became the subject of synergetics, reality systems became its objects. Scientific understanding of complexity essence and rational explanation of deep interconnection of complexity with laws of nature became the super-task of synergetics.
Synergetics perceives a property of systems openness as a principle. Creative assets of synergetics form by physics and mathematics. Complexity inherent in system is being perceived through the complexity of movement.
In synergetics the open systems are mathematical dynamic models with continuous or discrete time. Thanks to synergetics the specific complex forms of movement and relevant methods of their modeling became a point of interest of science about open systems.
Methods of synergetics which are able to effectively overcome the open systems' complexity and to lead investigators to deep scientific understanding of systems complexity are in development stage.
3. Answers of Physics of Systems
Physics of Systems is a systemology's postcybernetic paradigm which has offered a new conceptual structure of both scientific understanding and rational explanation of open systems' complexity.
Physics of Systems considers a concept “System” as the subject of basic research and as the product of cognitive activity organizing the understanding of empirical facts through comprehension of nature senses of the phenomena and processes, hidden in these facts.
Physics of Systems solves the complexity problem through a concept “System” and uses this concept as an instrument of complexity research.
Physics of Systems carries out research of open natural, humanitarian and technospheric systems on scientific basis. Its ultimate purpose is the global reconstruction of “system project”; the complete model description and scientific explanation of formation mechanisms of properties, states and behavior of open systems.
Physics of Systems gets fundamental knowledge about open systems. It has a deep methodological basis, adequate meta-technology and own theoretical apparatus.
Physics of Systems has an axiomatic basis by way of which the characteristic symmetries and fundamental system-forming interactions of open systems came in the apparatus of Physics of Systems.
Physics of Systems investigates systems without their simplification. It considers open systems in their natural scales and real complexity. Its methods overcome the understanding problems of both the states and behavior of systems. These problems are caused by heterogeneity and structures amplification of systems.
Physics of Systems overcomes emergent problem through detection of symmetries and through fundamental interactions in system which are forming these symmetries. Every component of a complex system is a part of the whole and simultaneously is the entire whole in conditions of the given part. Properties of every component are the whole's properties being manifested in a particular way through given component and simultaneously are the component's properties being manifested in conditions of the whole.
Physics of Systems is adequate to the tasks of open systems' modeling. It gives the scientific apparatus of modeling the systems properties at the moment of their arising.
Physics of Systems has developed the language of systems. By virtue of the language the distinctions of methodological bases are being overcome on fundamental level, the technological barriers of scientific understanding of open systems by representatives of different sciences are being eliminated and the identically deep and complete understanding of systems senses and solution results understanding of systemic problems by specialists from different areas of knowledge is being provided.
Physics of Systems goes from empirical data to structures of relations, from structures of relations to system knowledge and from system knowledge to understanding and solving the complex problems. The system initially is being set exclusively through empirical data.
Ideas and methods of Physics of Systems are embodied in the informational technologies of new generation which provide in open systems the search of regularity through complexity reduction and reconstruction of the whole.